Snakes in the Eastern Rhodopes – what should we know?
The Rhodope Mountains are one of those magical places in Bulgaria where one can catch one’s breath, recharge one’s batteries and enjoy the silence and freshness of nature. As the weather warms up, not only tourists but also forest dwellers leave their hiding places to enjoy the sun’s rays. Among them are snakes – an important part of the mountain ecosystem, which, however, often arouses fear and misconceptions.
In this article, we will pay attention to the snakes that are found in the Rhodopes, how to recognize them, how to behave when meeting them and what to do if bitten.
What snakes are found in the Eastern Rhodopes?
Caspian snake (Dolichophis caspius) A safe, non-venomous snake, reaching up to 1.8 m. When it feels threatened, it can bite, but it does not pose a danger to humans. It inhabits old forests and is active during the day. It feeds on rodents and birds.
Worm Snake (Xerotyphlops vermicularis) A small, blind, underground snake, up to 40 cm long. It is not poisonous, does not bite and feeds on ant larvae and pupae. It comes to the surface when it is damp.
Vipera ammodytes A venomous snake, recognizable by the characteristic "horn" on the nose and the zigzag stripe on the back. It is between 50 and 70 cm long. It lives in open, rocky areas. It bites only when absolutely necessary.
Vipera berus Less common in the Rhodope Mountains, but you can come across it in the higher parts. On average about 55 cm long, with a gray to almost black color. Venomous, but bites only if it feels threatened.
Large water snake (Natrix natrix) is poisonous. Occurs near ponds. Distinguished by yellow spots behind the head. Extremely common in the region.
A small water snake ispoisonous. Smaller than the large water snake, with a characteristic checkerboard coloration. Inhabits the banks of rivers and lakes.
Leopard snake (Elaphe situla) Non-venomous, beautiful snake with red and black spots. It loves rock formations, ruins and old buildings. It is less common, but is typical of the Rhodope Mountains.
Sand snake (Eirenis modestus) Non-venomous, small snake with gray-brown color. It lives in dry, rocky places.
How to dress and behave in the mountains?
- Wear high, closed shoes with thick soles.
- Wear long pants tucked into the shoes.
- Stick to well-trodden paths.
- Step carefully, especially in dense vegetation or rocky areas.
- Do not reach under stones, in bushes or holes.
- If you see a snake – stay calm, do not approach it or touch it.
How to react when encountering a snake? If a reptile crosses your path that you cannot recognize as dangerous or safe, remain calm and do not take any action. Give the snake a chance to notice you and leave it a way out. Do not scare it, do not throw stones or run in panic – on a steep, rocky path this can be more dangerous than the bite itself.
How to recognize a snake bite? Venomous snake – two clearly defined puncture wounds, located symmetrically, usually in front of the bitten site. The area quickly swells and becomes very painful.
Non-venomous snake – multiple small punctures arranged in a horseshoe-shaped pattern. Not dangerous, but it is a good idea to seek medical attention due to the risk of infection.
First aid for a venomous snake bite:
- Immobilize the victim and the affected body part.
- Record the exact time of the bite.
- Do not cut or suck on the wound.
- Transport the person as quickly as possible in a semi-sitting position to a medical facility – preferably within 30 minutes of the bite.
- If possible, remember the snake’s appearance without trying to catch it.
In conclusion
Snakes are an important part of the ecosystem and do not attack without reason. With proper equipment, caution and respect for wildlife, walks in the Rhodope Mountains can be not only safe, but also enriching. Awareness is the first step towards your peace in nature.
